Presidential Papers, Doc#1340 Top secret To René Coty, 11 March 1955. In The Papers of Dwight David Eisenhower

Document #1340; March 11, 1955
To René Coty
Series: EM, AWF, Dulles-Herter Series ; Category: Top secret

The Papers of Dwight David Eisenhower, Volume XVI - The Presidency: The Middle Way
Part VII: "Nothing could be worse than global war"; January 1955 to May 1955
Chapter 15: Searching "for an honorable peace"

 

My dear President Coty:1 As we move in both our countries into the final stages of ratification of the Paris Agreements, I have been considering how we might most appropriately solemnize this great step toward strength and unity of the Atlantic Community.2

I am struck by the fact that all fifteen nations which are, in one way or another, concerned with the restoration of sovereignty to the Federal Republic of Germany and its admission to Western European Union and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization will have completed their parliamentary actions by the tenth anniversary of the surrender of Hitler's Germany.3 No doubt you have reached the same conclusion as I that for political reasons May 8, the tenth anniversary of V-E Day, marks the day beyond which it will be exceedingly unwise (not be possible) to continue the occupation of Germany.

With these thoughts in mind may I venture to suggest that France play host to a meeting or a series of meetings in early May which would dramatize for all our peoples what we have achieved in the past ten years. Such a meeting would likewise enable us to lay our plans for a meeting with the Soviets in a climactic (sustained) effort to ease tensions and to reduce the risk of war.4

I would be happy to come to Paris in response to an invitation for such a purpose. My thought is that you might invite the Governments of the United Kingdom and of the New Republic of Germany to be appropriately represented. I would suppose that such delegations would include Sir Winston Churchill and Chancellor Adenauer, while I would of course be accompanied by Secretary of State Dulles. The visiting delegations could thus, with you, exchange the instruments of ratification of the treaties which your Parliament and our Senate are now dealing with.

In advance of such a ceremony I assume that the Foreign Ministers of our four countries should meet with a view to preparing for our consideration basic proposals regarding the unification of Germany in freedom, the conclusion of the State Treaty for Austria, and the general security of Europe as a whole.5

On such an agreed basis we might then call on the Soviet Union to meet with us in an earnest effort to solve these problems. I would think that it would also be desirable, at some point during the proceedings, to convoke an extraordinary meeting of the Ministerial Council of the North Atlantic Treaty which we four Heads of States or of Governments might attend.

It seems to me peculiarly fitting that we should come together in your country to signalize the return of Germany as a sovereign member of the family of nations and to mark the new era in Franco-German relations which will be opened with German entry into WEU and NATO. Moreover, it would be an occasion which would strikingly demonstrate to all the world the major role that France is playing in the achievement of that resolution, strength, and unity which we have so long sought and which is now in our grasp. I assure you that I personally and the citizens of this country would enthusiastically join the rest of the free world in applauding the increased prestige and respect that the sponsoring of such a meeting would bring to your great country.6

I have long held the conviction that on some basis such as I have so sketchily outlined can we look forward with confidence to an enduring era of peace and prosperity for all. I hope you share that view.

1 Eisenhower did not send this letter to French President René Coty (see n. 6). Assistant Secretary of State Livingston Merchant drafted the letter, and an earlier version, with Eisenhower's handwritten changes, is in AWF/D-H.

2 For background on the Paris Accords see nos. 1198 and 1236.

3 The seven nations that would comprise the Western European Union were Belgium, the Federal Republic of Germany, France, Great Britain, Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands. These countries and Canada, Denmark, Greece, Iceland, Norway, Portugal, Turkey, and the United States formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

4 Eisenhower had first discussed the possibility of such a meeting with Secretary Dulles on March 6. At that time, according to Dulles, the President's purposes "were . . . not clearly thought out and his suggestion was wholly improvised" (Dulles, Memorandum, Mar. 7, 1955, Dulles Papers, White House Memoranda Series). Four days later Eisenhower had asked Dulles to discuss the proposal with British Ambassador Roger Makins. Both men agreed that the meeting "would be a fine thing if it could be pulled off and that it would almost clinch [French] ratification [of the Paris Accords]" (Telephone conversation, Eisenhower and Dulles, Mar. 10, 1955, Dulles Papers, Telephone Conversations).

5 For background on the Austrian treaty, in negotiation since 1946, see nos. 597 and 974; see also Eisenhower, Mandate for Change, p. 506; State, Foreign Relations, 1952-1954, vol. VII, Germany and Austria, pt. 2, pp. 1914-22, 1938-43, 1974-76; NSC meeting minutes, Oct. 14, 1953, Jan. 15, 1954, AWF/NSC; and State, Foreign Relations, 1955-1957, vol. V, Austrian State Treaty; Summit and Foreign Ministers Meetings, 1955, pp. 1-10. For developments see no. 1432.

6 On this same day Dulles would tell U.S. Ambassador to Great Britain Winthrop Aldrich that he had asked Makins to "sound out [the] British on such a proposal. [The] President has not yet reached [a] final decision," Dulles cabled, "but if he does it would be necessary to move with extreme rapidity. Meanwhile this is being held extremely closely" (Dulles to Aldrich, Mar. 11, 1955, AWF/D-H).

Eisenhower's plan came at an inexpedient time for the British government and particularly for Foreign Minister Anthony Eden. A May meeting could have prompted Churchill to reconsider his plan to retire early in April, a step many felt was already overdue. Indeed, after hearing of Eisenhower's plan, Churchill wrote Eden that "this proposal of a meeting of Heads of Government which he [Eisenhower] would attend himself must be regarded as creating a new situation which will affect our personal plans and time-tables." Eden would express his ambivalence toward a Paris meeting during the British Cabinet's March 14 debate on the issue (Churchill and Gilbert, Churchill, vol. VIII, Never Despair, 1945-1965, pp. 1102-11; see also Eden, Full Circle, pp. 293, 297; and Macmillan, Tides of Fortune, 1945-1955 [New York, 1969], pp. 544-45, 549, 550-51, 554-57). Ambassador Makins would tell Dulles that the British government definitely favored a June meeting date although "he disclaimed the knowledge of any domestic, political considerations which entered into the suggestion. . . ."

If the meeting were postponed until June, Dulles responded, "the entire purpose of the operation would be seriously damaged. The May date," he told Makins, "was designed to assure that the French Senate acted before the end of this month and was designed to set May 8th as the deadline for the termination of the occupation of Germany" (Dulles, Memorandum, Mar. 15, 1955, AWF/D-H; see also Aldrich to Eisenhower and Dulles, Mar. 14, 15, 1955, ibid.). Dulles would tell Eden of his preference for the May date but said that if the Foreign Minister remained hesitant, "the President would drop this project" (Dulles to Eden, Mar. 16, 1955, ibid.; see also Telephone conversation, Eisenhower and Dulles, Mar. 15, 1955, Dulles Papers, Telephone Conversations and AWF/D). The foreign ministers of the United States, Great Britain, and France would meet in Paris on May 9 preliminary to the four-power Geneva Conference. For developments see no. 1421; see also State, Foreign Relations, 1955-1957, vol. V, Austrian State Treaty; Summit and Foreign Ministers Meetings, 1955, pp. 135-79.

Bibliographic reference to this document:
Eisenhower, Dwight D. Top secret To René Coty, 11 March 1955. In The Papers of Dwight David Eisenhower, ed. L. Galambos and D. van Ee, doc. 1340. World Wide Web facsimile by The Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial Commission of the print edition; Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996, http://www.eisenhowermemorial.org/presidential-papers/first-term/documents/1340.cfm

 


Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial Commission
1629 K Street, NW Suite 801
Washington DC 20006
Phone: 202.296.0004    Fax: 202.296.6464