<--PREV Doc #151  |  Memorial Commission Home Page  |  First Term Table of Contents  |  Presidential Papers Home Page  |  Doc#  |  NEXT--> Doc #153 Document #152; April 23, 1953 To Syngman Rhee Series: EM, AWF, International Series: Korea--Rhee ; Category: Confidential The Papers of Dwight David Eisenhower, Volume XIV - The Presidency: The Middle Way Part I: Charting a New Course; January 1953 to April 1953 Chapter 2: "A number of misunderstandings": Party and International Struggles   Dear Mr. President: Since my return to Washington I have had an opportunity carefully to study your letter of April 9.1 As I said in my message delivered to you April 17 by Ambassador Briggs, because of their sufferings and sacrifices in the common cause the Korean people may be sure that the United States will never forget Korea or cease to be concerned for its welfare and security.2 Also, as you well know, I am deeply sympathetic with the aspirations of yourself and the Korean people to bring an end to the artificial and unnatural division of your country, and to expel the Chinese aggressors from all of Korea. However, I would be lacking in candor if I did not state that I was deeply disturbed at the implication of your letter of April 9, not only for Korea but for the efforts being made to deal with the problem of Communist aggression by the collective action of free peoples.3 I think it important that we reiterate certain fundamental facts inherent in the situation. First, the action taken by the United Nations in Korea was to assist your valiant country in repelling the armed attack directed against it initially by the North Korean regime and subsequently by the Chinese Communists. This has successfully been accomplished. Second, the task of repelling the armed attack having been accomplished it would not be defensible to refuse to stop the fighting on an honorable basis as a prerequisite to working out the remaining issues by peaceful means. Third, the United States and the United Nations have consistently supported the unification of Korea under conditions which would assure its freedom and independence. Neither the United States nor the United Nations has ever committed itself to resort to war to achieve this objective. To do so would be a complete negation of the basic tenets of this country and the United Nations. Fourth, any agreement to stop the fighting on an honorable basis presupposes a willingness on the part of both sides to discuss the remaining issues and to make every reasonable effort to reach agreement thereon. As I said in my address of April 16 an honorable armistice "means the immediate cessation of hostilities and the prompt initiation of political discussions leading to the holding of free elections in a United Korea." If an honorable agreement is reached to stop the fighting, the United States intends to proceed promptly, vigorously and in good faith to seek by all appropriate means, in full consultation with your Government, to achieve a settlement of the problems confronting your country with the objective of achieving a true peace. These efforts would, of course, be entirely nullified if your Government should take actions which could not be supported by this or other governments supporting the defense of your country. I am also certain that you recognize that any such action by your Government could only result in disaster for your country, obliterating all that has been gained at such sacrifice by our peoples. I am confident that if a spirit of mutual respect, trust and confidence so essential to the accomplishment of the high task upon which our countries are engaged can be maintained, we shall be successful. However, if unhappily the objective of a true peace proves to be unattainable, sober consideration will then have to be given as to what should be done under those circumstances. Ambassador Briggs will shortly be communicating further with you concerning the questions which you raised with him in your conversation of April 14.4 Sincerely 1 For Rhee's letter, which had reached Eisenhower at Augusta, Georgia, on April 14, see State, Foreign Relations, 1952-1954, vol. XV, Korea, pt. 1, pp. 902-3. The South Korean President had referred to "peace-at-any-cost circles" in the United States and scorned any peace settlement that would leave the Chinese Communists in Korea; he stated his intention to drive them to the Yalu River, with or without the aid of friendly countries. Earlier Rhee had outlined five points that he believed were necessary to ensure a long-lasting peace in Korea: (1) unification of North and South Korea; (2) the departure of all Chinese Communist forces from Korea; (3) disarmament of the North Korean army; (4) an arms embargo to Korean Communists; (5) international recognition of South Korean sovereignty and South Korean participation in all discussions concerning the future of Korea (ibid., p. 897). 2 Through U.S. Ambassador Ellis O. Briggs the State Department had sent Rhee a copy of Eisenhower's April 16 speech, "The Chance for Peace" (see no. 132). In that address the President had argued that the first step toward world peace would be "an honorable armistice in Korea" (Public Papers of the Presidents: Eisenhower, 1953, pp. 184). For Rhee's cool reaction to the address see NSC meeting minutes, April 22, 1953, AWF/NSC. 3 The U.S. military would soon formulate a contingency plan everready for use in the event that Rhee pulled Republic of Korea troops out of the U.N. command structure (see State, Foreign Relations, 1952-1954, vol. XV, Korea, pt. 1, pp. 965-68). 4 Rhee "does not want to rock boat and deeply appreciates US aid without which his country would collapse," Ambassador Briggs reported of that conversation. Rhee also had said that he wanted peace with unification of all Korea and doubted whether the U.S.-U.N. program of exchanging prisoners and establishing a truce line would secure such a peace (see ibid., pp. 910-12). For subsequent developments see no. 232. Bibliographic reference to this document: Eisenhower, Dwight D. Confidential To Syngman Rhee, 23 April 1953. In The Papers of Dwight David Eisenhower, ed. L. Galambos and D. van Ee, doc. 152. World Wide Web facsimile by The Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial Commission of the print edition; Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996, http://www.eisenhowermemorial.org/presidential-papers/first-term/documents/152.cfm <--PREV Doc #151  |  Memorial Commission Home Page  |  First Term Table of Contents  |  Presidential Papers Home Page  |  Doc#  |  NEXT--> Doc #153

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