Presidential Papers, Doc#568 Personal To William Ezra Jenner, 30 November 1953. In The Papers of Dwight David Eisenhower

Document #568; November 30, 1953
To William Ezra Jenner
Series: EM, AWF, Ann Whitman Diary Series ; Category: Personal

The Papers of Dwight David Eisenhower, Volume XIV - The Presidency: The Middle Way
Part III: The Space Age Begins; October 1957 to January 1958
Chapter 7: Beef and Budgets

 

Dear Senator Jenner:1 As you were advised some time ago, the suggestions you made with respect to exposure of the Soviet Fifth Column have been under intensive and prolonged study in the Department of State.2

I attach great importance to your recital of the accomplishments of the Senate Subcommittee in tracing the network of Communist subversive activities in this country. It reinforces the conclusion reached in the Department of State and other agencies of the Government dealing with Communist activities in all countries that the work of the Soviet Communist Fifth Column does indeed constitute an international conspiracy. As you know, the Administration, working with the Congress, is determined to use every appropriate means to counteract it.

You may be aware that at the insistence of the United States an item entitled, "Intervention of International Communism in the American Republics" has been included on the agenda of the Tenth Inter-American Conference which is scheduled to be held in Caracas, Venezuela, beginning March 1, 1954.3 Under this general heading the American Governments will have an opportunity to examine the intervention of international Communism in the affairs of this Hemisphere, including efforts to weaken the fabric of Inter-American solidarity and subvert genuine national social and political movements to its own ends, and to consider what further steps the American Republics might take to combat the Communist menace.

In the United Nations, of course, where the spokesmen of a large number of states advocating many different points of view are heard, the problems involved in raising this subject are more complex.4 Consequently, we have in the past found it more productive as a rule to attack particular Communist subversive activities in individual countries, as for example in Korea, Greece, Czechoslovakia and China, and also to focus world attention on such Communist abuses as forced labor, atrocities against war prisoners, false charges of the use of bacteriological warfare, and the cruel detention of World War II prisoners.

Preparation for a broad-scale proposal of the type you contemplate would be a matter of months and would therefore have to be undertaken sometime before the General Assembly Session convenes. According to present indications the present General Assembly will adjourn early in December of this year. It is therefore not feasible to raise the issue this year, but we will give the most careful consideration to the possibility of including it on the agenda of the next regular General Assembly session.

Your kind offer to be of assistance in our continuing efforts to combat Communism through measures in the United Nations is greatly appreciated. You may be sure that your support will be welcome.5

With kind regard, Sincerely

1 Jenner (LL.B. Indiana University 1932) was Chairman of the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee (for background on the committee see no. 55).

2 Jenner had written on September 16 to report on the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee's findings in the past year (WHCF/OF 133-E-1). He said that the Soviet Union maintained a fifth column in every country it expected to take over and that all of the activities related in his committee reports were facets of "the Soviet Fifth Column on American Soil." He cited specifically a report on interlocking subversion in government departments, which he said showed how Communists had trained their "obedient corps" within the U.S. government to work together secretly to carry out instructions from the Soviet government. A case in point, he said, was the interlocking subversion between the State Department, the White House Secretariat in the last two administrations, and "certain learned societies passing as unbiased scholarly agencies." He went on to say that his committee had found that "American members of the Soviet apparatus" had been appointed to top positions at the United Nations and that there were Communist efforts to control unions, to penetrate the nation's educational system, and to establish an underground press. He said further that the House Committee on Un-American Activities had published reports of conspiratorial activities among foreign nationality groups, Negroes, labor groups, women, and persons in Hollywood.

Jenner's letter was sent to the office of the Secretary of State for preparation of a draft reply (Morgan to Dulles, Oct. 9, 1953, and Kitchen to Morgan, Oct. 12, 1953, both in WHCF/OF 133-E-1). In an apology to Jenner for failure to send an interim acknowledgment of his letter, Administrative Assistant to the President Gerald D. Morgan wrote, "Evidently the suggestion that you made produced a quite prolonged study in the State Department, for that Department has not as yet made its report to the White House" (Nov. 6, 1953, ibid.).

3 This State Department position paper would become the centerpiece of the Tenth Inter-American Conference (for the text see State, Foreign Relations, 1952-1954, vol. IV, The American Republics, pp. 280-89). The Eisenhower Administration's chief objective at the Caracas Conference (March 1-28) would be the adoption of a resolution by the Latin American foreign ministers for an extension of the Monroe Doctrine concept to cover the intervention of international communism in the American republics. Secretary of State Dulles would put the proposal before conference delegates at intensive sessions during the first two weeks of March 1954. In the end the conference would pass the resolution by a vote of 17 to 1, Mexico and Argentina abstaining. Guatemala was the only country to oppose the resolution (see ibid., pp. 289-92; Eisenhower, Mandate for Change, pp. 420-27; Stephen G. Rabe, Eisenhower and Latin America: The Foreign Policy in Anticommunism [Chapel Hill, 1988], pp. 49-54; and "Charges of Intervention in Guatemala Denied," U.S. Department of State Bulletin 30, no. 764 [February 15, 1954], 251-52. For another view of this issue see Blanche Wiesen Cook, The Declassified Eisenhower: A Divided Legacy of Peace and Political Warfare [Garden City, N.Y., 1981], pp. 254-62. For developments see no. 870.

4 Jenner proposed that the issue of interlocking subversion be raised at the current session of the United Nations in hopes for a resolution demanding that "any nation which employs a Fifth Column on the territory of any member of UN is a violator of the peace, is engaged in aggression, and will be outside the pale of UN until it has purged itself of all activities destructive of the intergrity of other nations." The General Assembly would not take up this issue.

5 In a handwritten postscript Eisenhower wrote: "I am personally most appreciative of your well presented proposition. I have asked the Sec. State to get in touch with you, sometime during the coming session, with the idea of exploring further the ramifications of the kind of action you suggest!"

Bibliographic reference to this document:
Eisenhower, Dwight D. Personal To William Ezra Jenner, 30 November 1953. In The Papers of Dwight David Eisenhower, ed. L. Galambos and D. van Ee, doc. 568. World Wide Web facsimile by The Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial Commission of the print edition; Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996, http://www.eisenhowermemorial.org/presidential-papers/first-term/documents/568.cfm

 


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